Use of Agro-Industrial Residues in the Production of Biodegradable Packaging: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The objective of this systematic review was to explore the existing literature on the use of agro-industrial residues in the production of biodegradable packaging. The scientific writing followed the established elements for systematic reviews; the search was conducted across several databases up to May 28, 2024, with a time restriction covering the years 2014 to 2024. Out of a total of 664 studies initially identified, those meeting the inclusion criteria were selected, resulting in a final sample of 37 studies. The analyzed studies highlight that the incorporation of residues such as wood fibers, crop residues, and cellulose nanocrystals improves the mechanical and thermal properties of bioplastics, increasing their biodegradability. In addition, it was observed that some bioplastics can incorporate additional properties, such as antioxidant activity and UV protection. However, limitations were identified related to variability in residue quality and the need to optimize production processes. In conclusion, the use of agro-industrial residues in bioplastics offers a promising solution for environmental sustainability; nevertheless, further research is required to optimize their properties and ensure their economic and environmental viability.