Revista Científica Altoandina de Ciencias Agrarias

Present: Revista Científica Altoandina de Ciencias Agrarias (Recialcia)

Ruggerths Neil De la Cruz Marcos — 2025-06-20

La Revista Científica Altoandina de Ciencias Agrarias (Recialcia) es la primera revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica. De acceso abierto, nació con el propósito de ofrecer un espacio para que investigadores del campo de las ciencias agrarias difundan los resultados de sus estudios, favoreciendo así la formación continua y especializada de profesionales en agronomía, agroindustria, zootecnia, medicina veterinaria, ingeniería agrícola, ingeniería forestal, entre otros vinculados al sector agrario.

El conocimiento generado a través de la investigación científica constituye un insumo esencial para el desarrollo de la sociedad, pues no solo sustenta la formación académica de profesionales competentes, sino que también impulsa innovaciones y cambios tecnológicos que demanda tanto el país como el mundo. Este impacto se multiplica cuando los resultados llegan de manera directa a los actores del desarrollo y a quienes participan activamente en la producción y gestión agraria.

Resulta, especialmente gratificante, concretar la publicación y el lanzamiento del primer número de la revista. En esta edición, presentamos con satisfacción diez artículos científicos seleccionados de manera rigurosa. Entre ellos se incluyen estudios orientados a desarrollar un producto funcional con mejor perfil sensorial y nutricional a partir de la guanábana; evaluar balances de masa en la producción de bioetanol 2G a partir de cascarilla de arroz, rastrojos de maíz y caña de azúcar; comparar el rendimiento forrajero de variedades de Lolium perenne L.; determinar el efecto de un hongo nativo en el control de la queresa del palto; comparar los resultados de tres ecotipos de Annoma muricata L. con cuatro niveles del antagonista, incluyendo un tratamiento testigo absoluto; evaluar la curva cinética de transferencia de masa en la deshidratación osmótica de Golden delicius; evaluar el impacto de soluciones ácidas orgánicas sobre propiedades colorimétricas, fisicoquímicas y el rendimiento de la papa deshidratada; evaluar el impacto de la quema de pastizales en la degradación del suelo; evaluar el grado de degradación de parcelas con uso agrícola y pastoreo; y determinar el contenido de polifenoles totales en extracto hidroalcohólico de la planta medicinal Columellia obovata. Estos trabajos representan un punto de partida y un desafío para seguir fortaleciendo la investigación científica de la mano de la academia y de especialistas en ciencias agrarias.

Agradecemos a todos los autores que respondieron a la convocatoria de Recialcia y enviaron sus manuscritos. Cada trabajo fue sometido a un proceso de evaluación exhaustivo y, tras cumplir los estándares establecidos, fue aceptado para su publicación en este número, que hoy ponemos a disposición de la comunidad académica y científica como una contribución al avance de las ciencias agrarias.

Effect of Soursop Pulp (Annona muricata L.) on the Sensory, Functional and Physicochemical Characteristics of Artisanal Wheat Biscuits

Gabriela Castro — 2025-06-20

The present study evaluated the effect of incorporating soursop flour (Annona muricata L.) in the formulation of cookies, with the objective of developing a functional product with better sensory and nutritional profile. Different percentages of wheat flour substitution were tested (0 %, 5 %, 10 % and 15 %), analyzing sensory attributes such as color, aroma, taste and texture. The formulation with 10 % soursop flour showed the best results in terms of color and flavor, without compromising acceptability in aroma and texture compared to the control treatment. In the proximal analysis, it was observed that the protein content (1.29 %) was lower than the minimum established by the RTCA (3.0 %), probably due to the reduction of wheat flour. However, the product had an acceptable dietary fibre content (3.81 g/100 g), classified as a source of fibre, and a low fat content (0.64 %), making it a suitable alternative for consumers interested in low-fat products. The moisture content (5.26 %) slightly exceeded the recommended maximum value (5 %), attributable to the hygroscopic capacity of soursop flour. Although the mineral content was low (0.70 %), it is considered functionally acceptable to be an ingredient with natural variability. Overall, the results position the formulation with 10 % soursop flour as the most promising for further applications in functional food development.

Mass Balances in the Production of Second-Generation Bioethanol from Agroindustrial Waste

Gustavo Adolfo Espinoza Calderón — 2025-06-20

The production of second-generation (2G), bioethanol from agroindustrial waste, is presented as a sustainable biotechnological strategy for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. This research comprehensively evaluated the mass balances at key stages of the 2G bioethanol production process, using rice husks, corn stover (chala), and sugarcane stover, abundant in the agroindustry, as raw materials. The studied process included reception and grinding, enzymatic hydrolysis to release fermentable sugars, alcoholic fermentation, distillation to concentrate ethanol, dehydration to achieve the required purity, and denaturation for use as a biofuel. Precise mass and volume measurements were made at strategic points throughout the process to quantify flows and determine mass balances at each stage. The results indicated an overall biomass-to-bioethanol conversion efficiency of 5.35 %, identifying the distillation stage as a critical point with the greatest impact on overall process efficiency. Milling showed a 1 % mass loss, while fermentation achieved a sugars-to-bioethanol conversion efficiency of 5 %. Mass balance analysis proved to be a fundamental tool for the detailed evaluation and identification of process optimization opportunities, suggesting that improving efficiency at the fermentation stage and pre-treatment could have a significant impact on the overall yield and economic viability of the process.

Comparison of Yield and Adaptation of Two Lolium perenne L. Varieties under High-Andean Conditions in Acobamba, Huancavelica

Candelaria Flores Miranda — 2025-06-20

This research aimed to compare the forage yield and agronomic adaptability of two Lolium perenne L. (Rye Grass) varieties —Tama and Wester— under high-Andean conditions in the district of Acobamba, Huancavelica (Perú). Morphophysiological and productive variables were evaluated at 60 and 105 days after sowing, including plant establishment, plant height, fresh weight, dry matter content, root length and weight, and number of tillers. A completely randomized design was used with two treatments and three replications. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test for independent samples at a 5 % significance level. The results showed significant differences in favor of the Wester variety for plant establishment, plant height, fresh weight, and dry matter content, especially at 105 days, indicating more vigorous growth and better adaptation to the high-altitude environment. No significant differences were observed in root traits or number of tillers, although Tama showed a slight tendency for higher tillering. It is concluded that the Wester variety demonstrates superior agronomic and productive performance under high-Andean conditions and represents a promising alternative for the establishment of permanent or rotational pastures in similar regions. Further trials under different agronomic management and over multiple growing seasons are recommended.

Biological Control of Queresas (Fiorinia fioriniae Targioni Tozzetti) in Avocado Crops in the Inter-Andean Valley of Llacce, Province of Acobamba

Rodolfo Leon-Gomez — 2025-06-20

The fruit market demands increased production of high-quality avocados (Persea americana Mill), with a lower environmental impact and minimal use of chemicals. Therefore, the effective dose of the native fungus was determined, a suitable formulation as a bioinsecticide for the control of the fungus Fiorinia fiorinae (Targioni Tozzetti) in avocado crops. The research was conducted from April to December 2022 on a farm in the Llacce Peasant Community, in the district and province of Acobamba, department of Huancavelica. The (DBCA) was established with repeated averages over time, with six treatments and six replicates per treatment. For each replicate, data were collected weekly from thirty-six replicates of the avocado crop, from 30 to 180 days after flower induction. The treatments were (Beauveria bassiana native) and (Metarhizium anisopliae native). The treatments that had the highest percentage of incidence in preventing kerases were T3 (Beauveria bassiana native) 250 mg at 30 % followed by T4 (Metarhizium anisopliae native) 200 mg at 25 % likewise followed by T6 (Metarhizium anisopliae native) 200 mg at 25 % and the lowest incidence was T5 (Metarhizium anisopliae native) 150 mg at 10 % While the lowest incidence was T2 (Beauveria bassiana native) 100 mg at 5 % as well as T1 (Beauveria bassiana native) 100 mg at 5 %. Finally, the incidence of the entomopathogenic fungus varied between 5 % to 10 % and 25 to 30 % in the different samples.

Biological Control of Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) in Three Ecotypes of Soursop (Annona muricata L.) under Nursery Conditions in the Chanchamayo Province

Yesica Yohana Hilario Román — 2025-06-20

Anthracnose in soursop (Annona muricata L.) is caused by the fungus of the genus Colletotrichum spp. This disease causes significant losses both in nursery and definitive field, its control is currently carried out with chemicals, being toxic to human health and the environment. Using ecotypes that present low severity and incidence of this disease and the use of antagonists that better control the development of Colletotrichum spp, are presented as part of a solution for the control of said disease. This experiment was based on the comparison of the results of three ecotypes of Annoma muricata L. with four levels of the antagonist and considering an absolute control treatment. According to the statistical analysis, it reports that the white ecotype presents little incidence and severity to Colletotrichum spp. And the antagonist Trichoderma harzianum shows greater effectiveness in controlling Colletotrichum spp. Similarly, the combination (T. harzianum x yellow ecotype) and (T. harzianum x black ecotype) showed a lower incidence and severity of this disease. These results demonstrate improved control of Colletotrichum spp. It can be stated that these treatments positively interfere with crop physiology, since the plants presented greater vigor within this treatment.

Influence of Temperature and Solutes on the Kinetics of Mass Transfer in Osmotic Dehydration of Apple (Golden delicius)

Cledi Puma Condori — 2025-06-20

Osmotic dehydration involves the removal of water from food to decrease the development of microorganisms and unwanted chemical reactions, prolonging shelf life. The objective is to evaluate the kinetic curve of mass transfer in the osmotic dehydration of apple (Golden delicius) in concentrations (40 %, 50 % and 60 %) at room temperature for four days in constant change. The loss of total mass, water mass and mass of soluble solids were determined, in addition to this, the ° Brix were evaluated, where it was possible to obtain by means of mass balance of 45 g, after drying it had a total weight of 15 g, with respect to ° Brix it was observed that the concentrations of 40 %, 50 % and 60 % were obtained 30.3, 27.1 and 36 respectively. With respect to the weight loss in the change of concentrations of 40 %, 50 % and 60 % were 3 g, 2.1 g and 4.2 g respectively, there were also weight gains of total solids such as in 40 % (3 g), 50 % (1 g) and 60 % (0 g). The samples subjected to oven drying the weight loss that was observed in 40 % (34.57 g), 50 % (32.45 g) and 60 % (27.55 g) leaving these with a total weight of 12.43 g, 14.55 g and 15.45 g respectively resulting in the concentration with the highest amount of solids and yield is the concentration of 60 %. Finally, it is concluded that the greatest amount of weight loss in different concentrations was on day two.

Effect of Organic Acid Solutions on the Colorimetric and Physicochemical Properties of Four Dehydrated Potato Varieties

Whany Quispe Chambi — 2025-06-20

Waste potatoes are a widely consumed food; browning is the main problem; dehydration is one of the main techniques to prolong their shelf life by improving their conservation and transportation. The objective of the research is to evaluate the impact of organic acid solutions on the colorimetric, physicochemical properties, and yield of dehydrated potatoes. The methods applied are based on immersion in organic acid solutions (citric, acetic, and ascorbic) at a pH of 3.5, precooked for 5 minutes, and dehydrated at 60°C for 8 hours depending on the cut size of the samples analyzed. The results were determined by the experimental design of comparison between groups by median and variance. As optical parameters of color in chroma C * there are marginal differences according to the solutions applied with (p = 0.0698), the tonality had a significant effect of (p = 0.024) depending on the solution, as for the Physicochemical parameters the solution does not present a significant effect, but the potato variety does present a significance of (p < 0.001) in all properties, the yield results show that there is a level of significance according to the potato variety, the best being Ajo Suito with more than 35 %. It is concluded that there is a marginal effect on chromaticity and a significant effect by acid solutions on the tonality, where acetic acid at pH 3.5 had the best effect, for the Physicochemical properties the acid solutions had no significant effect, when evaluating the yield it was significant by the potato variety and was not affected by the application of acid solutions.

Impact of Grassland Burning on Soil Degradation in the High-Andean Areas of the Huánuco Region

Raúl Antonio Nolberto Coz — 2025-06-20

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of grassland burning on soil degradation, analyzing changes in their physical, chemical, and biological properties. It was carried out in the town of Calanca, district of Jesús, province of Lauricocha, Huánuco region, in the year 2024. Soil sampling was carried out in plots with grassland burning and in plots without burning, to evaluate the physical and chemical properties; biological of the soil. Sampling was carried out after 5 days of burning the grassland at a depth of 20 cm. The results showed changes in soil texture, bulk density, and porosity. The values of pH and CEC, the content of organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, changeable cations, and the population of macrofauna decreased due to the of macrofauna decreased due to the effect of the burning of the grasslands. The values of physical, chemical and biological properties are at low levels. These changes indicate soil degradation that can affect agricultural and livestock productivity in the region. Grassland burning has a negative impact on soil quality. It is recommended to implement sustainable management practices to mitigate these negative changes.

Soil Management and Degradation in Ocros, Ayacucho

Samuel Palomino Quispe — 2025-06-20

This research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the degree of soil degradation of plots with agricultural use and grazing. Soil analysis was carried out on eight plots located in different areas in the District of Ocros, Province of Huamanga, Region and Department of Ayacucho, Peru. Physical, chemical and biological properties were evaluated. The values of each property were classified according to critical levels of degradation pre-established as low, medium and high. The results of the soil analysis revealed a variation in physical degradation according to the textural class, sandy clay loam soils with 37.5 % showed a high physical degradation. In the chemical degradation of the soils, they revealed a high prevalence of nitrogen and potassium degradation, with 50 % and 87.5 % of the soil, respectively, presenting high and medium degradation. Phosphorus, with 25 %, showed high degradation. The pH of the soil showed a generalized imbalance, with 87.5 % of the soil presenting high degradation. In the biological degradation they revealed a worrying degradation of organic matter in the soil, with 50 % of the samples showing high degradation. Take action to protect and restore degraded soils. Soil health is fundamental for the sustainability of ecosystems and food security, so it is crucial to take actions for its conservation for future generations.

Total Polyphenols from the Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Medicinal Plant Pisca Pisca (Columellia obovata)

Cesar Augusto Bautista-Trillo — 2025-06-20

A study of total polyphenols from pisca pisca (Columellia obovata) was conducted, which grows in the Andean region of Peru. It is considered by local residents to be a native medicinal plant recognized for its value in treating various ailments and rich in hydroalcoholic polyphenols. The objective was to determine the total polyphenol content in its hydroalcoholic extract of the medicinal plant pisca pisca (Columellia obovata). The methodology involved collecting samples from the community of Allpas, Acobamba province, and sending them to the Natural History Museum of the UNMSM for taxonomic identification. The total polyphenol content was evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Results: 49 % of men and 51 % of women were surveyed, where they indicated that 66,67 % do know the pisca pisca plant, 95,65 % use it as an infusion, 61,54 % use it for flu discomfort and 79,17 % use it as an alternative medicine, mostly using it occasionally and using it to fumigate plants. Regarding the total polyphenol content, it was 691,51 µg / g. Conclusion, the inhabitants of high Andean areas have their own ancestral knowledge in the use of medicinal plants to treat various ailments, and regarding hydroalcoholic it presents a significant value of total polyphenols.