Evaluation of Spatial Distribution Methods on Yield and Morphology of Two Pea Cultivars under High-Andean Conditions

Abstract

The optimization of planting techniques is a key factor in the productivity of pea (Pisum sativum L.) crops in high Andean ecosystems. This study evaluated the effect of four seed spatial distribution methods (continuous stream, punch planting, triangular distribution, and square distribution) on the growth and yield of two pea cultivars (Alderman and Criolla) under a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement and four repetitions per treatment. Plant height, pod length, and yield per hectare were evaluated during the 2024 agricultural season in Huamanguilla, Huanta, Ayacucho. The results showed significant effects (p < 0.001) of the cultivar × distribution method interaction on all evaluated variables. The Alderman cultivar reached its maximum potential with square distribution, recording 152.4 ± 8.7 cm in height, 11.2 ± 0.6 cm in pod length, and 2658.3 ± 165.2 kg/ha in yield. The Criolla cultivar optimized its performance with triangular distribution, reaching 48.9 ± 3.1 cm in height, 8.1 ± 0.4 cm in pod length, and 1389.5 ± 72.8 kg/ha in yield. Geometric distribution methods outperformed the conventional control, generating productivity increases of 68% for Alderman and 49% for the Criolla variety. These findings provide empirical evidence for the implementation of differentiated planting strategies based on the genetic material used in high Andean productive systems.