Agroecological Community Workshops for the Medicinal and Food Use of Plants in Arroyo Naranjo, Havana

Abstract

In the municipality of Arroyo Naranjo, the use of medicinal plants represents a traditional practice with significant potential for promoting community health and partially substituting conventional medications, particularly in the treatment of conditions related to blood pressure regulation and immune system strengthening. The objective of this study was to analyze the population’s level of knowledge, forms of use, and perceptions of medicinal plants with hypotensive, immunological, and nutritional properties, as well as to identify community-based strategies for their cultivation and dissemination. The research was conducted through participatory workshops and interviews with local residents and key stakeholders from the health sector, during which data were collected on the species used, preparation methods, and mechanisms of institutional and community coordination. The results showed that plants such as garlic and onion are widely recognized for both medicinal and dietary purposes; however, lower levels of awareness were observed for other species, such as cherry and hibiscus (roselle), despite their relevant therapeutic properties. In addition, the most commonly used preparation methods were decoctions and infusions, whereas topical applications were found to be infrequent. In conclusion, the study highlights the need to strengthen training processes and community coordination to promote the sustainable use of medicinal plants, emphasizing their value as a complementary alternative to the Basic List of Medicines of the Cuban Ministry of Public Health and as a strategic resource for the development of community-based health practices.